The last mysteries of the Egyptian pyramids. Secret secrets of the Egyptian pyramids Egyptian secrets

general information

Among the Egyptian pyramids there are huge and more modest scales, with a smooth surface and stepped ones, which are very well preserved and resemble a pile of ruins. They can be observed in Saqqara and Memphis, Khawara and Upper Egypt, Medum and Abusir, El Lahun and Abu Ravash. However, only a few are considered the main tourist sites, namely the pyramids in Giza, a suburb of the Egyptian capital, erected, as is commonly believed, during the reign of the IV-VI dynasties of the pharaohs, which fell on the XXVI-XXIII centuries BC. e.

Looking at these grandiose creations of human hands, you involuntarily think: how much time and effort was spent on the construction of such structures, which seem - at least in their scale - absolutely useless. Either the pharaohs who ruled 45 centuries ago thereby wanted to emphasize their own divinity and the greatness of their era, or these structures contain some hidden meaning that is still inaccessible to our understanding. But it is difficult to comprehend it, because the secrets are securely hidden under the layer of millennia, and we have no choice but to build guesses and versions, hoping that sooner or later all the secret will definitely become clear ...



Secrets of the Egyptian pyramids

The Egyptian pyramids are shrouded in a halo of myths and secrets, and with the passage of time and the development of science, there are still more questions than answers. As the proverb says: "Everything in the world is afraid of time, but time itself is afraid of the pyramids." Interest is fueled by various theories about the appearance of these majestic monuments. Fans of the mystical consider the pyramids to be powerful energy sources and believe that the pharaohs spent time in them not only after death, but also during their lifetime in order to draw strength. There are also quite incredible ideas: for example, some believe that the Egyptian pyramids were built by aliens, and others that the blocks were moved by people who own a magic crystal. Let's look at the generally accepted and most likely scenario.



Religion in the life of ancient Egypt occupied a dominant position. It shaped both the worldview of the people and their entire culture. Death was perceived only as a transition to another world, so preparation for it had to take place ahead of time, even during earthly life. However, the privilege of remaining "immortal" was, as it was believed, only with the pharaoh and members of his family. And he, at his own discretion, could bestow it on his entourage. Commoners were deprived of the right to an afterlife, with the exception of servants and slaves, whom the powerful ruler "took" with him. Nothing should have interfered with the comfortable "existence" of a high-ranking deceased, so he was supplied with everything necessary - food supplies, household utensils, weapons, servants.


At first, the rulers were buried in special "houses after life", and in order for the body of the pharaoh to be preserved for centuries, he was embalmed. These early burial buildings - mastabas - date back to the period of the first dynasties. They consisted of an underground burial chamber and an above-ground part in the form of a stone structure, where chapels were equipped and grave goods were located. In section, these tombs resembled a trapezoid. They were built in Abydos, Nagadei, Upper Egypt. The main necropolis of the then capital of the first dynasties - the city of Memphis - was located in Saqqara.

Actually, pyramidal tombs began to be erected about 5 thousand years ago. The initiator of their construction was Pharaoh Djoser (or Necherihet), the first in the III dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The construction of the necropolis named after this ruler was led by the supreme dignitary and famous architect of his time, Imhotep, who was almost equated with a deity. If we discard all the fantastic versions about the contacts of the then rulers with aliens and proceed from the fact that these structures were nevertheless built by people on their own, then the scale of the work, their laboriousness cannot but impress. Experts tried to establish their chronology and nature, and here are the results they came up with. Since the pyramids are made of stone blocks, the question immediately arose: where and how were they mined? It turned out, in the rocks ...

Having marked the shape in the rock and hollowed out the grooves, dry trees were inserted into them, which were watered with water. From moisture, they expanded and created cracks in the rock, facilitating the process of excavating blocks. Then they were immediately, on the spot, subjected to processing with tools and, having given the desired shape, they were sent by river to the construction site. But how did the Egyptians lift these heavy masses up? First, they were loaded onto wooden sleds and pulled along gentle embankments. By modern standards, such technologies look backward. However, the quality of work is top notch! The megaliths are so closely adjacent to each other that there are practically no mismatches.

The Pyramid of Djoser, located in Saqqara, is considered the very first pyramid in Egypt and the oldest of such large stone structures surviving in the world (its size is 125 by 115 meters with a height of 62 meters). It was built in 2670 BC. e. and has the appearance of a building with six huge lined steps. Because of such an unusual shape, it was called the “false pyramid” in those distant times. The pyramid of Djoser began to attract the attention of travelers since the Middle Ages, and this interest has not dried up to this day.

The architect initially did not plan to build such a pyramid. The stepped tomb became in the process of construction. In the presence of steps, a symbolic meaning is clearly guessed: the deceased pharaoh was supposed to ascend to heaven along them. This structure differed from previous necropolises in that it was built of stone, not brick. And one more feature: the presence of a very wide and deep vertical shaft, closed from above by a dome. In the pyramids built later, there is nothing of the kind. Of no less interest to archaeologists and Egyptologists are the marble fragments under the sarcophagus, on which carved images resembling stars are visible. These are clearly fragments of some unknown structure, but no one knows exactly which one.

The Pyramid of Djoser was intended not only for himself, and in this it also differs from other similar structures. In the burial chambers, there are only 12 of them, the ruler and members of his family were buried. Archaeologists discovered the mummy of an 8-9-year-old boy, apparently a son. But the body of the pharaoh himself could not be found. Perhaps he owned the mummified heel found here. Even in ancient times, it is believed that robbers entered the tomb, probably abducting its dead "owner" as well.

However, the version of the robbery does not seem so unambiguous. When examining the inner galleries, gold jewelry, porphyry bowls, clay and stone jugs and other valuables were found. Why didn't the thieves carry all this wealth? Historians were also interested in the seals affixed to small clay vessels. The name “Sekemhet” was written on them, translated as “mighty in body”. It clearly belonged to an unknown pharaoh of one of the powerful dynasties. Everything indicated that in ancient times the construction of another pyramid was started here, but for some reason it was not completed. They even found an empty sarcophagus, the internal state of which allowed us to conclude that no one was buried here ...



As for the pyramid of Djoser itself, the attraction has been well preserved to this day and is open to tourists. The entrance to it, as well as to other structures on the territory, is located on the north side. A tunnel equipped with columns leads inside. The northern temple, whose location on the ground is clear from the name itself, forms a single architectural ensemble with the pyramid. Funeral services were held in it and sacrifices were made in the name of the pharaoh.

Egyptian pyramids at Giza

The most famous among all Egyptian pyramids used by the so-called great pyramids located in Giza - the third largest city in the modern Arab Republic of Egypt, with a population of almost 3 million people. The metropolis is located on the west bank of the Nile, about 20 km from Cairo and is actually a suburb of the capital.

The Great Pyramids of Giza are by far the most popular ancient monuments in the country. For many years, visiting them has become almost a ritual for tourists. Fly to Egypt and not see these majestic structures with your own eyes? This is unimaginable! Many travelers even consider this place spiritual, connected with the cosmos, and visiting here becomes akin to some kind of healing. Recent studies have shown that the builders of the necropolises pointed them surprisingly accurately to the belt of the constellation Orion, in which there is an as yet unrevealed meaning. It is also interesting that their faces are oriented to the sides of the sun, and this is done with the same accuracy.


The Egyptian pyramids at Giza are undoubtedly an extremely impressive sight. Their sandstone façades reflect the sunlight: pink in the morning, golden in the afternoon, and dark crimson at dusk. It is impossible not to marvel at the feat of engineering and organization that resulted in millions of stone blocks being transported from one place to another and stacked precisely on top of each other without power plants and lifting equipment.

The complex of the great pyramids is made up of the tombs of the three most ancient rulers - Cheops, Khafre and Mykerin. Unlike the previous "houses after life" (makabs), these necropolises have a strict pyramidal shape. Moreover, the first of them is the only one of the seven wonders of the world that have survived to this day.

Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu)

You can talk about the pyramid of Cheops (or Khufu) for a long time and a lot, but in any case the story will be incomplete, because it continues to keep many unsolved secrets. One of them is the orientation to the North Pole exactly along the meridian: with its top, the monumental structure “looks” at the North Star. It is amazing how ancient architects could make such accurate calculations without modern astronomical instruments. This accuracy has even less error than the famous Paris Observatory.


Cheops, the second pharaoh of the fourth dynasty of Ancient Egypt, who reigned for 27 years, has the glory of a cruel and despotic ruler. He literally exhausted the resources of his kingdom, directing them to the construction of the pyramid. He was also merciless to his people, forcing them to overwork on the construction of his posthumous "dwelling". The Great Pyramid was built in three stages, as evidenced by the corresponding number of chambers. The first, its area is 8 by 14 meters, was carved deep into the rock, the second (5.7 x 5.2 m) - under the top of the pyramid. The third chamber - it is the only one of them completed - and became the tomb of the pharaoh. Special mention should be made of her. It stretches 10.4 m from west to east, and 5.2 m from south to north. Granite slabs, with which the room is lined, fit perfectly to each other. Nine monolithic blocks form the ceiling, their total weight is 400 tons.

Each cell has its own “hallway” connected to adjacent shaft corridors. At first, the entrance to the tomb was located on the north side and was located above the base at a height of 25 meters. Currently, you can enter the pyramid from another place, and this entrance is not so high. The builders could hardly have imagined that after several thousand years their brainchild would become a tourist attraction, so the 40-meter corridor was made not only narrow, but also low. Numerous tourists have to overcome it by crouching. The corridor ends with a wooden staircase. It leads to the same low room, which is the center of the entire necropolis.

The height of the pyramid of Cheops is more than 146 meters - this is the "growth" of a 50-story skyscraper. After the Great Wall of China, it is she who is the largest structure ever erected in all of human history. The attraction is not in "loneliness", there are several other buildings around it. Of these, only three companion pyramids and the ruins of the mortuary temple have survived to this day. Obviously, no less effort was made to build them. According to the most common version, the companion pyramids were intended for the wives of the ruler.

Pyramid of Khafre (Khafra)

A pharaoh named Khafre was either the son or brother of Cheops and reigned after him. His pyramid, located nearby, is somewhat smaller, however, at first glance, it is perceived as more significant. And all because it stands on some elevation. The pyramid of Khafre was found during archaeological excavations in 1860. The tomb of this ancient Egyptian ruler is “protected” by the famous Sphinx, which looks like a lion lying on the sand, whose face may have been given the features of Khafre himself. Being the oldest of the monumental sculptures preserved on our planet (its length is 72 m, height is 20 m), it is interesting in itself. Egyptologists tend to think that the tombs of the two pharaohs, together with the sphinx, represent a single burial complex. Slaves, it is believed, were not involved in the construction of this pyramid: free workers were hired for this purpose ...

Top of Khafre's pyramid

Pyramid of Menkaure (Menkaure)

And finally, the pyramid of Menkaure is the third in the complex of great monuments of Giza. Also known as the Pyramid of Menkaure, it bears the name of the fifth pharaoh of the fourth ancient Egyptian dynasty. Little is known about this ruler - only that he was the son of Cheops (at least, the ancient Greek historian Herodotus claimed so). This necropolis is called the "younger brother" of the two aforementioned tombs: it was built later than the others and the lowest of them, its height is slightly more than 65 meters. Such a modest size testifies to the decline of the ancient kingdom, the lack of resources necessary for the construction.

However, the monumentality of the structure as such did not suffer from this. For example, the weight of one of the blocks used in the construction of the mortuary temple exceeds 200 tons, which makes it the heaviest on the Giza plateau. Just imagine what inhuman efforts had to be made to put this colossus in place. And the majestic statue of the pharaoh himself, seated inside the temple! It is one of the largest sculptures embodying that mysterious era ... The destruction of the entire historical and architectural complex in Giza, conceived by Sultan al-Malik al-Aziz, who ruled at the end of the 12th century, could begin from the pyramid of Mikerin, as the smallest. The dismantling of the necropolis lasted about a year, but the practical result was minimal. The Sultan was eventually forced to turn them off, because his, frankly, stupid and unjustified undertaking entailed exorbitant costs.



Sphinx

At the base of the sacred causeway that once connected the pyramid of Khafre with the Nile, there is the Sphinx - a mysterious sculpture with the head of Khafre attached to a lion's body. In Egyptian mythology, sphinxes were guardian deities, and this sculpture is a protective monument 73 m long and 20 m high. After the death of the pharaoh, the body of the Sphinx was gradually covered with desert sands. Thutmose IV believed that the statue addressed him and said that he would become pharaoh if he cleared the sand, which he hastened to do. Since then, the ancient Egyptians believed that the monument had prophetic powers.



Solar Boat Museum

Behind the pyramid of Cheops is the Museum of the Solar Boat, which houses a beautifully restored cedar boat, on which the body of the dead pharaoh was transported from the east to the west bank of the Nile.

Useful information for tourists

The Great Pyramid Complex of Giza is open to the public from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm daily. The exceptions are the winter months (opening hours until 16:30) and the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, when access closes at 15:00.

Some travelers believe that if the pyramids are located in the open air and are not a museum in the truest sense of the word, then here you can feel free to climb and climb these structures. Remember: it is strictly forbidden to do this - in the interests of your own safety!

Before agreeing to enter the pyramids, objectively assess your psychological state and physical health. Persons who have a fear of closed spaces (claustrophobia) should skip this part of the tour. Due to the fact that inside the tombs it is usually dry, hot and a little dusty, it is not recommended to enter here for asthmatics, hypertensive patients and those suffering from other diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous system.

How much will a tourist visit the Egyptian pyramids area? Cost has several components. The entrance ticket to it will cost you 60 Egyptian pounds, which is equivalent to about 8 euros. Would you like to visit the pyramid of Cheops? For this you will have to pay 100 pounds or 13 euros. Inspection from the inside of the Khafre pyramid is much cheaper - 20 pounds or 2.60 euros.

A visit to the Solar Boat Museum, which is located south of the Cheops Pyramid (40 pounds or 5 euros), is also paid separately. Taking pictures in the pyramid zone is allowed, but for the right to take pictures you will have to pay 1 euro. Visiting other pyramids in Giza - for example, the mother and wife of Pharaoh Khafre - is not paid.



Many tourists admit that, after getting to know the main sights, they don’t want to leave this amazing place, literally saturated with the spirit of antiquity. In such cases, you can rent camels for leisurely walks. Their owners wait for clients right at the foot of the pyramids. They may overcharge for their services. Do not settle for it right away, bargain, and you will get a discount.

  • The Pyramid of Cheops is the only surviving wonder of the world.
  • The pyramids were built for two centuries and were built several at a time. Now, according to the studies of various scientists, their age is from 4 to 10 thousand years.
  • In addition to the exact mathematical proportions, the pyramids have another feature in this area. The stone blocks are arranged in such a way that there are no gaps between them at all, even the thinnest blade will not fit through.
  • Each side of the pyramid is located in the direction of one side of the world.
  • The Pyramid of Cheops, the largest in the world, reaches a height of 146 meters, and its weight is more than six million tons.
  • If you want to know how the Egyptian pyramids were built, Interesting Facts construction can be learned from the pyramids themselves. Construction scenes are depicted on the walls of the aisles. The sides of the pyramids are curved by one meter so that they can accumulate solar energy. Thanks to this, the pyramids could reach thousands of degrees and emit an incomprehensible rumble from such incandescence.
  • For the pyramid of Cheops, a perfectly straight foundation was made, so the faces differ from each other by only five centimeters.
  • The first pyramid built is dated 2670 BC. e. In appearance, it resembles several pyramids located next to each other. The architect created a type of masonry that helped achieve this effect.
  • The pyramid of Cheops was created from 2.3 million blocks, perfectly even and matching each other.
  • Structures similar to the Egyptian pyramids are also found in Sudan, where the tradition was later picked up.
  • Archaeologists managed to find the village where the pyramid builders lived. A brewery and a bakery were discovered there.
Camels in front of the Pyramids of Giza

How to get there

Tourists from Russia and the CIS countries usually prefer to spend their holidays in Sharm el-Sheikh or Hurghada and often want to combine their holidays on magnificent beaches with a visit to the Giza pyramid complex. Since the resorts are far enough from the named city, you can only get there as part of an excursion group. If you go by bus, then you will have to spend from 6 to 8 hours on the way. By plane it will be faster: fly in just 60 minutes. It can also be reached by car with a driver. It is much more comfortable, but it will significantly hit the wallet.

In a more advantageous position are those who rest in Cairo, or stay in the Egyptian capital on a business trip. They can take the bus (routes nos. 900 and 997) or the subway (yellow line no. 2, exit at Giza station). Alternatively, you can call a taxi or catch one at Tahrir Square. The trip will cost more than public transport, but you will get there faster, in just half an hour. By the same car it will be possible to return and back, only you will have to pay a little more.

You can get to Giza from the capital by taking a bus in the New Cairo (aka Heliopolis) area, which follows one of two routes: No. 355 or No. 357. These comfortable vehicles, running every 20 minutes, are marked with the letters STA, on which they are easy to recognize. The final stop is just before the entrance to the pyramid zone, at the crossroads.

The secret of the Egyptian pyramids

It is generally accepted that the construction of the Egyptian pyramids was carried out by tens of thousands of people who worked in quarries, moved giant stone blocks to the construction site, dragged them up through the scaffolding, installed and fastened them. But is it?

Speaking at the Archaeometry Symposium, which brought together scientists from various disciplines, in Washington last May, polymer chemist Joseph Davidovich from Barry University painted a completely different picture, backing up his arguments with scientific research. He carried out a chemical analysis of stone samples that were used to build three pyramids. Comparing them with the rocks found in the nearby limestone quarries of Turaha and Mokhatama, from which, obviously, the material for these structures was taken, he found that the composition of the facing blocks of building stone contains substances that are absent in the quarries. But in this layer there are thirteen different substances, which, according to J. Davidovits, were “geopolymers” and played the role of a binder. Therefore, the scientist believes that the ancient Egyptians built pyramids not from natural stone, but from artificially made materials by crushing limestone, making mortar from it and pouring it, together with a special binder, into wooden formwork. Within a few hours, the material hardened, forming blocks indistinguishable from natural stone. Such a technology, of course, took less time and required not so many hands. This assumption is supported by microscopy of rock samples, showing that the limestone from the quarries is almost entirely formed by closely “packed” calcite crystals, which give it a uniform density. The facing stone, found on the spot, as part of the pyramids, has a lower density and is replete with airy “bubble” voids. If this stone is of natural origin, then we can assume the places where it could be developed by the ancients. But such developments are unknown to Egyptologists.

Apparently, sodium carbonate, various phosphates (they could have been obtained from bones or from guano), quartz and silt from the Nile served as a binder - all this was quite accessible to the Egyptians. In addition, the facing stone is covered with a millimeter layer of a substance, which almost entirely consists of these components.

Among other things, the new hypothesis allows us to answer the age-old question: how did the ancient builders manage to fit stone blocks with such accuracy? The proposed construction technology, in which the sidewalls of previously "cast" blocks can serve as a formwork for casting a new block between them, makes it possible to adjust them with almost no space between them.

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Ancient Egypt has fascinated our imagination ever since we shook the sand from the paws of the Great Sphinx. It has been the obsession of many archaeologists and historians for the past two centuries. This is a land whose mysteries have been spent many years unraveling.

However, even after that there is still much that we do not know. Some of the greatest relics of the ancient world still lie beneath the sands of Egypt, waiting to be found. But more often than not, such finds only create more mysteries and give rise to even more questions.

Lost Labyrinth of Egypt



2,500 years ago, there was a huge labyrinth in Egypt, which, according to one of those who saw it, "even surpassed the pyramids."
It was a massive building two stories high. There were 3,000 different rooms inside, and they were all connected by a winding maze of passages so complex that no one could find their way out without a guide. Below was an underground level that served as a tomb for the kings, and the structure was crowned with a massive roof made of one giant stone.
Many ancient writers said that they personally saw the labyrinth, but now, after 2500 years, we do not even know where it was located. There is a massive stone plateau 300 meters wide, and there is speculation that it was the foundation of the labyrinth. If so, then the upper floors have been completely destroyed by time.
In 2008, a group of geolocation experts surveyed the plateau and discovered that there was an underground labyrinth under it, as described by one of the writers of antiquity. However, at the moment no one has tried to dig it out. Until someone gets into the labyrinth, we can't say for sure if Egypt's greatest archaeological wonder has actually been found.

Unknown Queen of Egypt



In 2015, archaeologists stumbled upon a woman's tomb nestled among the great pyramids of the Old Kingdom. The inscriptions on the tomb indicate that the woman was "the king's wife" and "the king's mother". During her lifetime (4500 years ago), this woman was one of the most important people on the planet. She had more power than any other woman in the country. However, no one knows who it is.
Historians dubbed her Khentakavess III, based on the assumption that she was the daughter of Queen Khentakavess II. It is possible that she was the wife of the pharaoh Neferefre and the mother of the pharaoh Menkauhor, but this is only an assumption.
If her name was indeed Khentakavess III, then there is no other mention of her. Whoever she was and what power she would have, for us she remains a great mystery.

Sphinx in Israel



In 2013, on the biblical hill of Tel Hazor, which is located in Israel, archaeologists discovered a find that no one expected to see so far from Egypt: a 4,000-year-old Egyptian sphinx. More precisely, these were fragments of a sphinx, in particular, paws resting on a pedestal. It is believed that all other parts were deliberately destroyed thousands of years ago. However, before someone broke the sphinx, it was 1 meter high and weighed about half a ton.
No one knows how the Egyptian statue ended up in Israel. The only clue is the inscription on the pedestal, on which you can make out the name of Pharaoh Mycerinus, who ruled Egypt around 2500 BC.
The likelihood that Tel Hazor was conquered by the Egyptians is extremely small. During the reign of Menkaure, Tel Hazor was a trading center in Canaan, halfway between Egypt and Babylon. It was vital to the economies of the two major powers of the day.
Most likely, the statue was a gift. But in this case, it is not clear to whom and why King Mikerin sent it and who was so angry that he broke this statue. The only thing we know for sure is that for some unknown reason, the sphinx statue ended up at a distance of 1000 kilometers from the Great Sphinx of Giza.

The mysterious death of Pharaoh Tutankhamun



At the time of his death, Tutankhamun was only 19 years old, and no one knows exactly what happened to him. His death is an absolute mystery, and not only because it happened in the prime of life. Main riddle lies in the fact that the pharaoh had so many diseases that it is impossible to understand which of them turned out to be fatal.
Pharaoh Tutankhamen had terrible health. He had malaria, a broken leg, and was born with so many genetic defects that historians are convinced his parents must have been siblings. Genetic abnormalities were so critical that, according to many, his early death was predetermined.
In addition, his skull was fractured, and archaeologists have long believed that this was the cause of death. Today it is believed that the skull was damaged during the embalming process, but the possibility of murder is also not excluded.
Shortly before his death, the pharaoh broke his leg, so there was a theory that he died as a result of a fall from a chariot. But if this is so, then it is not clear how he even climbed onto the chariot. His body was so deformed that he couldn't even stand up without assistance.
The cause of death could be a combination of all these factors. The only thing we know for sure is that the last month of Tutankhamun's life was not very successful for him.

The Secret Chamber of the Great Pyramid



The largest pyramid was built 4500 years ago for Pharaoh Cheops. This massive structure, almost 150 meters high, is made up of more than 2.3 million stone blocks. Until recently, it was believed that there were three chambers inside the pyramid.
If it seems to you that this is too small for such a huge structure, then you are not alone in this. There was a team of scientists who, in November 2017, decided to once again check the pyramid and make sure that no one missed anything. Above the Great Pyramid Gallery, they found signs that there may be another hidden chamber, about the size of the largest chamber yet found.
It seems strange that the Egyptians could have deliberately built a hidden chamber and made it completely inaccessible. No corridors or galleries lead to it. To put something inside such a chamber, it was necessary to do it at the construction stage.
Haven't gotten to the camera yet. But whatever it is, apparently Pharaoh Cheopsne would like it to see the sunlight.

Mummy wrapped in foreign manuscripts



In 1848, a man bought an ancient Egyptian mummy from a shopkeeper in Alexandria. For many years he demonstrated it, not realizing how strange this artifact was. After several layers of bandages were removed from the mummy decades later, scientists discovered something very unusual. The mummy was wrapped in the pages of a manuscript, and it was not written in the language of the Egyptians.
It took years of research to figure out what the language was, but today we know that it was the language of the Etruscans, an ancient civilization that once existed in what is now Italy. This language is poorly understood. The manuscript in which the mummy was wrapped is the longest Etruscan text ever found.
However, many questions remain unanswered. First of all, we still don't know what the text is talking about. We can only make out a few words that appear to be dates and names of gods, and besides, we can only speculate about how this manuscript came to be wrapped around a dead body.
We don't even know how an Etruscan book could end up in Egypt. Was the buried Etruscan? If so, what was he doing in Egypt? And what did he want to communicate in his last address to the world?

Light of Dandara



On the wall of the temple in the Egyptian city of Dandara there is a massive bas-relief with a strange pattern. It depicts, according to the generally accepted interpretation, a snake in a large fiery cloud flying out of a lotus flower, on which stands the foot of a man with a weapon.
This picture looks unusual. It is very similar to the model of the Crookes tube, one of the lighting devices invented in the 19th century. It looks so much like a lantern that some people think that this diagram could be instructions for building one.
This theory is rejected by most scientists, but its supporters have strong arguments.
The room in which the bas-relief is located is the only room in the entire temple in which there are no places for lamps. Many traces indicate that the Egyptians lit lamps in all areas of the building, except for this one. And if they didn't have something like a modern flashlight, how could they see anything in this room? And if the room was originally conceived as a dark place, then why was such a complex bas-relief applied to the wall?

ruined pyramid



The top of the pyramid of Djedefra was supposed to rise above the tops of all the other Egyptian pyramids. Pharaoh Djedefre thought so. He lacked the resources to build the tallest pyramid of all, but he found a small workaround: he built his pyramid on a hill.
However, despite the fact that all the other pyramids of Egypt have been standing for thousands of years, it was the Djedefra pyramid that was the only one that was destroyed for unknown reasons. All that's left of it is the foundation.
No one knows exactly what happened, but there are theories. Some scholars believe that Djedefre died before most of the work was completed, which is why the pyramid remained unfinished. Others suggest that 2000 years ago the Romans took stone blocks from the pyramid for their own needs, thus razing the historical monument to the ground. But there is another opinion: the people of Egypt hated Djedefra so much that people could destroy the pyramid simply out of anger.

Disappearance of Queen Nefertiti



Queen Nefertiti became a legend thanks to the fact that she was one of the few women who ruled Egypt. She was the wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten and stepmother of Pharaoh Tutankhamen, but it is believed that all the government of the country was concentrated in her hands. However, although the tombs of other pharaohs still rise above the sands of Egypt, the tomb of Nefertiti remained unfound.
The search for her grave continued for years. Until 2018, archaeologists were almost certain that they had found her grave in a secret chamber hidden in Tutankhamun's tomb. However, in May they carefully examined the wall and found that there was nothing there.
It is curious that in the Egyptian chronicles there is no mention of her death. After twelve years of the reign of her husband Akhenaten, all mention of the queen was discontinued altogether. Some believe that this happened because she herself became a pharaoh and took a different name for herself, but there is no evidence for this.
There is a version that the answer to this riddle is more prosaic than it seems. According to Dr. Joyce Tidzeli, the simplest explanation is that Nefertiti was never the pharaoh's wife. Dr. Tidzeli believes that in the 1920s, people began to exaggerate the importance of Nefertiti because the sculpture of her face became popular, and people wanted to believe in any myths.
Dr. Tidzeli believes that we do not know anything about the further fate of Nefertiti because she was not at all an important person.

Lost Land Punt



There are many references in ancient Egyptian writings to a country called Punt. It was ancient African country, in which there was a lot of gold, ivory and exotic animals. All this excited the imagination of the Egyptians, and so much so that they called Punt "Land of the Gods."
There is no doubt that Punt really existed, there are a lot of references to it in ancient scriptures. In one of the old Egyptian temples there is even a portrait of Queen Punta. But, despite all the power and influence of this kingdom, it was not possible to determine its location.
The only traces left of Punt are the artifacts that survived in Egypt. Desperate to find out the location of the kingdom, scientists examined the mummified remains of two baboons that the Egyptians brought from Punt, and determined that the baboons were from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bmodern-day Eritrea or Eastern Ethiopia.
This information gives at least some starting point in the search for Punt, but this area is too huge for archaeological excavations. And if we ever find the ruins of the kingdom of Punt, they will give rise to a new full-fledged series of secrets.

Ivan Bunin wrote about what the conquerors saw when they burst into the burial chamber of the Great Pyramid: “Having illuminated with torches the polished granite walls of this chamber that shone like black ice, they retreated in horror: in the middle of it stood a rectangular and also all black sarcophagus. In it lay a mummy in golden armor studded with precious stones and with a golden sword at his hip. On the forehead of the mummy, a huge carbuncle burned with red fire, all in letters incomprehensible to any mortal ... "

And so I enter the chamber of "Cheops - the ruler of the horizon", as he himself ordered to be drawn on his pyramid. The tomb is great. It impresses with its size: length - 10.5 m, width - 5.2, height - 5.8. This room, decorated with dark Aswan granite, makes you stop on the threshold for some reason. It has a special gloomy charm, its own mood, and maybe a mystery. Perhaps because it is unexpectedly huge, black, empty, and only in the distance, near the western wall, stands a lone ominously reddish sarcophagus.

Alas, this is the end of the road. No other rooms in the pyramid of Cheops have yet been found. There is an assumption that somewhere in the depths of the pyramid there are secret rooms. According to one of the testimonies, dating back to the 19th century, travelers accidentally clicked on a certain stone in the wall, and a corridor opened up for them, along which they entered a room filled with strange metal mechanisms half-buried with sand. But where is this secret stone? Where is this secret room with ancient Egyptian technology? Nobody knows…

The lands of ancient Egypt stretched from north Africa far south along the bed of the Nile. From the great civilization, only monuments of distant eras remained - majestic temples and pyramids. When Napoleon came to conquer Egypt, the locals could not say anything about their purpose. For Muslim Arabs, the pyramids were nothing more than gigantic pagan structures. Over the centuries of Arab rule, the pyramids had lost their wonderful cladding, and now bare stone walls, rising, narrowing towards the sky, looked at the conquerors. Once upon a time, the Arab chroniclers reported, the pyramids were completely covered with ancient signs.

“The pyramids were built of huge stones… The stones are covered with ancient writings that no one can read now. In all of Egypt, I have not met anyone who could say that he knows how to read this letter or knows such a person. There are a great many inscriptions here, and if someone had a desire to copy only those of them that are visible on the surface of these two pyramids, he would fill them with over 10,000 pages. Probably no one wanted to.

The Arabs were not interested in the purpose of the pyramids, they were much more interested in the legends of the pyramids, because it was believed that the ancient Egyptian rulers, the pharaohs, were buried in the pyramids, while they were laid to rest with all conceivable and inconceivable riches that they owned in earthly life. There, passed from mouth to mouth, an incredible amount of gold and precious stones. The history of the pyramids has long been overgrown with fables, and the Arab sultans saw in the pyramids an amazing treasury, the entrance to which was lost. Some of the sultans, having heard a lot of such fabulous legends, dreamed of taking possession of treasures, looking for secret passages, and one of them even thought of punching the entrance to the Cheops pyramid through the side face.

Al-Mammuna - unlike many - was interested not so much in gold (he was rich), but in the pyramids stored inside (as he was told by numerous spies who were engaged in clarifying the secrets of the Egyptian pyramid - Cheops from local residents) maps of the starry sky and the entire Earth - the sultan was an astronomer and even translated Ptolemy's Almagest into Arabic. In addition to star and earth maps, he expected to find there weapons that do not corrode, and glass that does not break and that can be bent. Because of these wonderful things, he decided to break through the huge stone blocks from which the pyramid is built.

Because the stone was extremely strong, the learned sultan applied an excellent knowledge of physical laws: first, the chisel was hammered into the stone with a hammer, then it was red-hot, then poured with wine vinegar - the stone could not stand it and cracked. In this way, the Sultan's workers made their way to the center of the pyramid. By the way, the predatory move exists in the pyramid to this day. By a strange coincidence, it turned out to be practically next to the real entrance, which once had a secret turning mechanism: multi-ton stones rose and diverged to the sides, but for this it was necessary to find a secret turning device.

In the Egyptian papyrus, it was stated as follows: “In the middle of one of the sides of the pyramid there is a stone. Move it, and a long passage will open in front of you. But in the middle of which wall, which stone? In ancient times, this entrance was not at all a secret. According to Strabo's description, this inlet led into a very narrow and long corridor, then into a small room that had a descent into a deep, damp pit almost at the very base of the pyramid (in antiquity, this pit was such an attraction: ancient tourists came there to show off, that they were inside the pyramid!).


But over time, the place of the stone was forgotten. The Sultan, of course, could not find the rotary device, although he knew about its existence, but he had subjects thirsty for gold, and they broke through the entrance in monolithic slabs - the work must have been painful. However, they were lucky: they not only entered the corridor laid in ancient times, but were able to literally “gnaw through” the road to the so-called burial chamber of the queen, and then, with the same torment, made their way into the burial chamber of the pharaoh, where they found an empty stone sarcophagus. There was no gold. The Sultan, who did not want to disappoint the robbers, paid for their services in full gold. In order not to disappoint his fellow treasure hunters, he hid the treasures inside the pyramid, allowing his greedy companions to find it on their own!

According to one of the legends, Al-Mammun discovered a sarcophagus in which a stone statue of the pharaoh lay, and inside the statue they found his body, which was decorated with gold and precious stones, in his hands the pharaoh held a sword that does not corrode and has power over people, but it's a legend. Al-Mammun found absolutely nothing in the pyramid, only lost time and money at this event.

In fact, it was Napoleon who initiated the scientific study of the Egyptian pyramids. In his Egyptian campaign, he took French scientists - so that they described the antiquities of Egypt and in this way immortalized the memory of the commander. Napoleon was haunted by envy of another great commander - so it becomes quite clear why he needed a senseless ballast in the army like historians and geographers. During the fighting, this ballast was driven by Napoleon's soldiers under the protection of French weapons along with donkeys, but none of the scientists complained. “Donkeys and scientists in the middle,” the order sounded, and academic academics huddled together in a herd - this is how this campaign went. Probably, not only the thought of glory made Napoleon take to war those who are absolutely unsuitable for it, there was another secret thought: Napoleon knew that military operations could damage ancient monuments, so that if their fate was destroyed, it would remain at least would be a description. In this regard, he was a prudent person.

This secret thought, by the way, turned out to be not superfluous at all. When the Giza plateau was captured by the French, the Napoleonic soldiers showed the true face of the Europeans: for fun, they shot. The great sculpture survived many centuries of pharaonic rule, Roman domination, Arab conquest, but it turned out to be absolutely powerless before the artillery of the ignorant French. The main damage inflicted on the Sphinx, he received from the army, which, by a bitter coincidence, was carrying scientists with them to study antiquities! It was an amusing sight: soldiers practicing aimed shooting at stone colossi, and scientists hurrying to sketch what could be doomed to destruction. But the pyramids and the Sphinx still managed to resist.

They stand to this day - mysterious and huge structures, attracting the attention of both Egyptologists and ordinary tourists. Those, to the best of their ability, are trying to carry away ancient stones from Egypt, but this is almost impossible - unlike European architectural antiquities like the Parthenon, the Egyptian pyramids are difficult to pull apart stone by stone: these “pebbles” are very large and unbearable.

The Egyptian pyramids, like no other, perhaps, ancient structure, cause a lot of controversy and assumptions. Some scientists try to understand the true purpose of the pyramids, expressing a variety of, sometimes absolutely wild hypotheses, others do not stop believing that the pyramids are the tombs of the pharaohs. The latter is the dogma of Egyptology, and it is almost impossible to fight this dogma. Open any school textbook, and even better - a textbook on the history of the countries of the Ancient World for students, and there you will find only this wonderful interpretation: the pyramids are the tombs of the pharaohs, although, by and large, there is not a single archaeological evidence that the pyramids were built precisely for this reason !

Not even a plundered burial was found in any of the known Egyptian pyramids. Empty sarcophagi - yes, but no traces that the body of the pharaoh was previously in the sarcophagi. No, on the contrary, all known tombs of the pharaohs were found in the so-called Valley of the Kings - the well-protected crypts of the Egyptian nobility. The remarkable burial of the young pharaoh Tutankhamun was also found not at all in a pyramid, but in an ordinary tomb, which, fortunately for Egyptology, was not plundered.

This tomb was discovered in the fall of 1922 by archaeologist Howard Carter, literally in the same area where he excavated a decade earlier. The tomb was located under the impoverished fellah huts, which the archaeologist eventually ordered demolished. It was then that the well-camouflaged entrance to the underground dwelling of Tutankhamun opened. And although the front burial chamber was looted, the robbers did not touch the second chamber. Truly royal relics were hidden in this underground chamber, and the sarcophagus of the pharaoh himself was not touched. Now, both the sarcophagus itself, the funeral golden mask, the mummy of Tutankhamen, and the things collected for his happy, make up several museum halls and are open to visitors. One mystical story is connected with the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb. It is believed that everyone who opened the tomb of the pharaoh and studied things from the burial died before the time appointed by nature.

The mystery and purpose of the Egyptian pyramids

There are three large pyramids on the Giza plateau, which, according to legend, belong to the three pharaohs of the 4th dynasty - Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chefren) and Menkaure (Mykerin). These pharaohs ruled Egypt 5,000 years ago. Information that the pyramid tombs belong to them does not come from an Egyptian, but from an ancient source. It was in ancient times, when Egypt was already an ancient state, that legends about the purpose of the pyramids appeared.

The modern Greek historians who described them received their information from the Egyptian priests, and it is quite possible that they could have misunderstood these priests, or the priests themselves had already safely forgotten who, when and why erected the Egyptian pyramids. One can only imagine how many secrets have been forgotten in 2.5,000 years - so much time has passed from the 4th dynasty to antiquity. Even with the incredibly accurate transmission of ancient information by the Egyptian priestly class, a lot of things could have been lost or misinterpreted over thousands of years.

By the time of Herodotus, who described to us in detail both the purpose and structure and the construction of the pyramids, the priests-storytellers could lose the lion's share of ancient knowledge. This is all the more true because by the time of Herodotus, only a few could read the sacred ideographic writing on which the priestly secrets were written. The question is complicated by the fact that all three great pyramids do not have any dedicatory inscriptions inside.

In addition to the misspelled name of Khufu, neither the name of Khafre nor the name of Mykerin, to whom the other two pyramids allegedly belong, was found in the pyramids. And this also suggests that these structures were never intended for the burial of pharaohs. The age of our great pyramids, calculated by geologists, differs sharply from that proposed by archaeologists. Both on the pyramids and on the Sphinx, traces of water erosion were found. And this is an indicator that the pyramids had already been built by the time of the 4th dynasty, that they are much older than itself!

Another thing is that the pharaohs, who ruled over Egypt later, could use the ancient pyramids for their own purposes - including for burial. So the mention in the text of Herodotus of the use of the pyramids as the tombs of specific pharaohs may be fair. It is known that during the time of the pharaohs, the Sphinx was being repaired, archaeologists have found quite material traces of such repairs. But the pyramids - apparently the same age as the Sphinx - could wear out over the millennia and also require repair. For Egypt, these were sacred structures. It was under the pharaohs of the 4th dynasty that the renovation of the pyramids took place.

We are trying to save and restore ancient monuments in the same way. If the pyramids were only tombs, there would not be a big secret in them. But the Arabic texts of the Middle Ages tell us that once each of the three great pyramids of Giza had a lining and some ancient texts were written on the faces of the pyramids. The Arabs mention that these texts were the collection of all known knowledge. However, they could be wrong: after all, at that time the language of the pyramids was firmly forgotten and they could not read the texts.

The first Egyptian texts were read only in the first half 19th century thanks to the work of the young French scientist Champollion. But Champollion would not have been able to read anything if during the French campaign an inscription on the Rosetta Stone had not been found, made in three different languages ​​- Egyptian syllabary, ideographic writing and Greek. Only thanks to this Greek text was it possible to decipher the language of the ancient Egyptians. Before Champollion, it was proposed to read hieroglyphs as pictures: a lion is drawn, which means the word is “lion”, an ibis is drawn, which means the word “ibis”.

And of course - reading the Egyptian texts in this way gave the most ridiculous texts. The Arabs knew much less about the ancient language, and they did not have the Rosetta Stone. In the inscriptions on the lining of the pyramids, they saw some traces of pagan beliefs and therefore simply tore off the entire lining and ... decorated the floor in their main mosque with slabs! To this day, you can see some of the Egyptian plates if you visit this mosque. But most likely not all cladding slabs went to laying the floor. Yes, and by the Arab time, part of the lining had already been lost ...

Some scientists find much more interesting parameters in the ratios of the pyramids. Another scientist from the Napoleonic campaign, Jomar, suggested that the pyramids did not serve as the tomb of the pharaohs, but were a kind of metric sign in order to create a kind of standard of measures, an invulnerable stone standard. He was sure that the Egyptians were well versed not only in geometry, but also in astronomy, which caused Homeric laughter among his contemporaries. But Jomar was right about this: today more and more scientists agree that the Egyptians were excellent astronomers. And in this regard, the pyramid can be the key to this knowledge.

The fact is that if we take into account that the pyramid of Cheops was being completed under Cheops, then before Cheops it was used for completely different purposes. The Pyramid of Cheops (as well as other pyramids) in an unfinished version to the top could be beautiful ancient ... telescopes. The researchers considered possible options for such a device and came to the conclusion that if the burial chamber of the pharaoh had not yet been built, then this is a structure that has an observation platform instead of the king’s chamber on a flat base and a shaft going down with a slot - a slot oriented to the most “stable” for the latitude of Egypt, the star Sirius (Sothis), as well as an internal reservoir, built in such a way that the stone gap was reflected in it, served as an excellent means for observing the starry sky.

V. Vasiliev wrote about the use of a water mirror and a narrow slit with a shaft for observing the starry sky in the article “The Second Birth of Hydro-Optics”: “Indeed, imagine that there is a reservoir in the center of the cave, and a hole has been made above this reservoir in the roof of the cave. The water flowing into the reservoir swirls in a slow whirlpool ... With the help of such a telescope near the equator, even without a flat mirror, you can see sunspots, like a three-dimensional body of a spherical shape ... to distinguish between double stars and satellites of the solar system. The Egyptians did not have a cave, but a pyramid with a water mirror. Even by modern standards, it was a very good telescope, which made it possible to make the most accurate astronomical calculations. But then ... then the Egyptians were not just knowledgeable in astronomical matters, but should have had an excellent knowledge of astronomy, practically at the modern level!

The proof of this can be seen not only in the fact that our pyramid suddenly turns out to be not a tomb, but an observatory, but also in the way all three pyramids are located on the Giza plateau. And their location, by the way, is quite curious. The pyramids on the Giza plateau are in a certain order, when viewed from above, they are not in one straight line, although they are oriented to the cardinal points. These deviations from a straight line made it possible for scientists to suggest that " great pyramids show how Venus, Earth and Mars were located in their orbits in 10,532 BC! Moreover, the Sharaf-Budnikova method made it possible to set the date: September 22 according to the New Julian calendar! The Earth was then strictly between the Sun and the constellation Leo. This is one opinion belonging to E. Menshov.

Other researchers attribute the construction of the pyramids to an even earlier era from 21,600 years to 75,000 years. But this is... Yes, again we are faced with the assumption that the history of mankind must be largely longer than we used to think. But then the Egyptian pyramids were not built by the Egyptians at all. And there was, then, an army of slaves that pulled stone monoliths on wooden skating rinks? And the overseers did not whip the negligent workers with a whip? As for the slaves and the whip of the overseer, even under Cheops, not slaves were employed at all in the construction of the pyramid, but fellahs, that is, people who were forced in some way, but personally free, and they built at a time when agricultural work was impossible, because And it turned out a total of 20 years of work. Moreover, for the construction they were paid a salary, on which they managed to support their considerable families.

But the pyramids were still built not by Cheops, but by people unknown to us of the deepest antiquity, who, according to legend, were gods and founded the first dynasties, which were later replaced by a human pharaoh. Less known as the first pharaoh of the Egyptians, a descendant of the gods. From ancient Egyptian history, information has been preserved that the architect of the pyramids was Imhotep - the high priest, it is quite possible that it was Imhotep who rebuilt the pyramids because of their certain dilapidation. The creator of the pyramids is also called the god Thoth or - according to the accepted later version - Hermes Trismegistus - Hermes Thrice Great. It is possible that this name has a special meaning: thanks to Hermes, the three great pyramids were built, for which he received the title of Thrice Great. And the pyramids of Giza can be considered as a special complex, not only as an observatory.

Scientists drew attention to the features of the Cheops pyramid: in ancient times it could serve as a kind of solar calendar, showing with great accuracy the most important astronomical milestones - the equinoxes (spring and autumn) and the summer and winter solstices. Once the area surrounding the pyramid was laid out in a specially fitted slabs with markings. The shadow of the pyramid passed over these slabs like the hand of a clock on a familiar dial. And if the ancient information is correct, then the lining of the pyramid sparkled under the rays of the sun, so it is likely that they were guided not even by the shadow of the pyramid, but by the luminous arrow that lay on the stone foundations! But the observatory and the stone calendar are not all.

There is an assumption that there was a medical complex in Giza. And this may well be because, according to the reconstruction of one specialist, pools were built around the pyramids, where the afflicted received healing baths, and the remains of temples were discovered in different parts of the plateau itself. In addition, it is known that in the Egyptian temples of a later period, priests-doctors were necessarily in the service. In addition, the pyramids were somehow connected to the Nile through a system of channels, presumably, both the remains of channels and underground passages are located under the rocky base of the pyramids. That is, the pyramids were interconnected not only visually, but also by a network of underground communications. As for the pyramids themselves, the question is, of course, debatable. But the fact that there is an underground gallery from the Sphinxes (and there were two of them, and the paired Sphinx has now been found) to the pyramid of Cheops is a fact. Even in ancient times, the existence of such a move was well known.

There is an opinion that the pyramids were something like a power plant. After all, strange glass vessels with sealed rods have been found, very much like our lamps ... There are also numerous legends about magical lamps that were used in the pyramids. Yes, and to explain how the ancient Egyptians carried out the interior paintings of pyramids, tombs and temples, if not a single trace of smoking torches was found on the walls and ceiling - the only, in our opinion, possible lighting in a room without windows - is impossible, unless to assume that the artists had devices unknown to us for lighting. Some even suggested that they knew something like solar panels.

According to other assumptions, the pyramids were water storages for a period of drought. According to the third - that they were huge granaries. According to the fourth - that these were occult centers where future priests underwent mystical initiation. And according to Hancock, the pyramids were a spaceport, from where the star gods went out into outer space. So far, none of the assumptions has been confirmed, starting with the very first, scientific one, that the deceased pharaohs were buried in the pyramids. Just of all the proposed options, this one is the most hopeless.

If you find yourself on the Giza plateau and enter the pyramid of Cheops, you will have to make a difficult and long journey inside the pyramid. This path is difficult not only because of the heat and stuffiness, but also because, starting from the very first step, you will have to walk practically on all fours - only a child can freely walk along the low predatory mine that goes from the entrance to the belly of the pyramid. You will have to go down and down, slipping on wooden steps, until a corridor rises up to the so-called queen's chamber. After the Grand Gallery, you can climb into the burial chamber of the pharaoh.

“This long gallery with a high ceiling,” V. Lebedev describes his journey inside the pyramid, “is also unique in its own way: its walls consist of carefully fitted stone blocks, and the limestone slabs of the false arch lining are laid so that each subsequent layer overlaps the previous one. . Ahead is another attraction - a gateway room, which tourists usually do not know about. But this ingenious device was a trap for robbers, on whom a load of sand from a camouflaged shelf was to fall, and a heavy grate descending along slippery grooves would block the way to the pharaoh's treasures.

Japanese scientists were able to pass a miniature camera through a gap inside the monolithic blocks from the room with the sarcophagus, and the camera showed another room, empty, and then a heavy door with obscurely shiny copper handles was clearly visible. So far, it has not been possible to break through to this door. Perhaps there is a room behind it, where the pyramid will reveal all the secrets to us? And it may well be that this room will turn out to be empty, as happened more than once in the history of the study of Egyptian antiquities.

Even modern technologies are inaccessible to the engineering accuracy of the ancient constructions of the past peoples who inhabited Egypt. Huge Temples, giant statues, huge pyramids - as if they appeared from Nothing, using some kind of space technology.

Here are some facts that still only ascertain the amazing secrets of the Pyramids:

- In 1978, the Japanese, using the proposed technology of overlay planes, were able to build a Pyramid with a height of only 11 meters, which is 2367 times less than the total geometric volume of the Pyramid of Cheops, just for this Pyramid alone, segments with a total volume of 500,000 m3 would be required, with their tenfold use .

- For the construction of the Pyramid, in ancient times, about 50 million people would have been used, although according to experts for 3000 years BC. only 20 million people lived on Earth. How could a state have 2.5 times more people than there were in the whole world and how could they feed themselves?

– In 1930, the Frenchman Bovy constructed a wooden model of the Pyramid with a base one yard (91 cm) long and placed a dead cat in it, having previously oriented the model to the North. A few days later, the cat's corpse was mummified. But until now, mummification is achieved by the most complex chemicals and technologies.

- The Czech radio engineer K. Drobanu, having oriented the axis of his Pyramid model exactly from North to South and placed a dull razor blade in it, found that it had acquired its former sharpness.

– Hoping to find secret chambers inside the Pyramid of Khafre, Nobel Prize winner A.U. Alvarez in 1969, studying the background of cosmic rays penetrating the ancient colossus, noticed that their trajectories recorded on different days were completely different, which, according to scientists , contrary to all known laws of science.

- The technology for creating Pyramids and underground labyrinths, adits in all the Pyramids is the same, although the difference in their construction is more than 1000 years. And what is surprising - the most Majestic Pyramids were created at the Dawn of Egyptian Civilization. Or maybe at the Sunset of the Past ...?

- All stone blocks with sharp corners and smooth side surfaces are fitted to each other with millimeter accuracy, and the average weight of one block is 2.5 tons.

– The height of the Great Pyramid is 146.595 meters. The difference between the sides of the base is only 0.83 mm. Each of the meanings of the pyramid carries information unattainable for the ancient Egyptians, and even in modern units of calculation.

– On the basis of the “Clock of Isis” created, S. Proskuryakov developed systems for constructing graphical-numerical diagrams and, on the basis of mathematical relations, revealed the relationship of the Pyramid with all the physical and mathematical quantities of a cosmic nature known to us.

- The meridian passing through the Pyramid divides the continents and the ocean into two equal parts.

- The perimeter of the base, divided by twice the height, gives the famous number "Pi" - 3.1416.

– The rocks on which the Pyramids are installed are perfectly aligned.

- The Cheops Pyramid is installed in such a place in the desert that it is the center of gravity of the continents.

- In rock adits there is no completeness of walls and ceilings from torches. So the lighting was electric?

- A manuscript is kept in the library in Oxford, in which the Coptic chronicler MAD-UDI claims that the Egyptian Pharaoh Zurid ordered the construction of the Great Pyramid. But Zurid ruled, according to legend, before the Flood. It was this Pharaoh who ordered the priests to write down and hide the entire amount of wisdom and knowledge known to them and hide it inside the Pyramid.

- According to the memoirs of "Herodotus" - "the father of history", it is said that the Egyptian priests showed him 341 colossal figures of the high priests, from father to son, while still alive, making their sculpture. Herodotus said that the priests assured that before the 341st generation, the GODS still lived among people, this was about 11,350 years ago. And then the Gods did not visit them. The historical age of Egypt is estimated at only 6530 years. What was the civilization before this? Who were the ancestors of the Egyptian priests?

- Recent studies from American NASA satellites that have visited Mars have found on its surface Pyramids and images of human faces-copies of the Sphinx on Earth. The construction of both was based on the same mathematical principles! The only difference is in size. It turns out that the first priests of Egypt, missionaries from Mars?

- According to the location of the 3 Pyramids in Giza, and the Nile coded as the Milky Way, it is assumed, as it were, a visual reflection on the Earth of Sirius in the constellation Big Dog, which corresponds to the assumption that the civilizations of Mars, and then the Earth, were created by aliens from Sirius, who somehow got to us. Presumably, through the information energy encoded in the rays of magnetic radiation from the Stars.

- The creation of the Pyramids of the Fourth Dynasty, which took 22 million tons of stone, involves careful preparation for some kind of global event. The scope of the structures shows that the work was completed in a hundred years and the construction took place according to a certain super-plan. 8 million blocks of rock were laid.

– During the subsequent construction, starting with the grandson of Cheops, the priests paid more attention not to architecture, but to the “magic” properties of “hieroglyphs” - Pyramid texts - that appeared after the 4th dynasty, i.e. suddenly, it began to prevail as if some kind of mission had been completed, and the pyramids were space launch pads for receiving and launching (reincarnation, neomaterialization) of aliens.

- If you look closely, the tops of the Pyramids are deliberately not finished, as they are the tops of the antenna of the emitter - the receiver of some cosmic energy materialized into information, at the light-wave level. Since Energy and information are fundamentally the same, it is quite likely that the ancient priests of Egypt had knowledge of the transformation of Matter at the wave level. After all, there is still no answer to the question why the speed of light is constant, passing from any Star Millions of light years?

– It has been observed that the galleries in the Great Pyramid of Cheops have a relationship of tangent 1 / 2 angles of 26 degrees 34 minutes, which, according to the latest achievements of Genetics, is a combination of two values: 26 degrees is the angle of elevation of the DNA helix, and 34 angstroms is the length of its period. But it is known that the genetic code of all organisms on Earth, from a microbe to a Human, is the same. This means that the foundations of thinking in past Civilizations are similar to ours.

– The number “Pi” is the key to the mysteries of the Egyptian Pyramids, but the number “Pi” is directly related to the “Golden Section” by Leonardo da Vinci, the “Golden Wurf” by Corbusier, as well as the “Fibonacci Numbers”, which again constitute the Pyramid of the Perfect numbers.

- In ancient times, a stone of a “pyramidal” shape - “PYRAMIDION” - called BENBEN, was installed on the flat, unfinished tip of the Pyramid. It seemed to symbolize the cosmic “CITY OF THE SUN”, from which, as it were, “sun rays” - edges, were breaking through.

- Initially, the tops of the pyramids were lined with slabs of gold and semi-precious stones, on which the texts of the entire history of civilizations of past times were carved, but over time they were torn off by barbarians.

– According to the found papyri “Book of the Dead”, according to the wall texts of the tombs, it is determined that the Pyramids were built to perform the ritual of stellar rebirth. It was the written word that, after the 4th dynasty, replaced some kind of super mechanism that had been under construction for more than a hundred years, or maybe just restored, to move in space. It can be assumed that the displacement occurred or there was a failure, an accident, which led to the emergence of magical symbolism of secret knowledge, presented to ordinary people as “miracles”, and for the initiates, having coded, through the mysteries, the knowledge of ancient Civilizations. What is it, self-defense or fear from the future based on the experience of the past?

- After research on a computer, scientists calculated that there is a SIRIUS-B Star near the SIRIUS-A Star, it is not visible to the naked eye. Although there is information about such a Star in the secret knowledge of the Dogon, whose ideas date back to 3200 BC. Sirius-B is, as it were, the “son” of the “father” of Sirius and the “mother” of “Orion”, which is the reincarnation of the “father” into the “son”.

All the facts speak for the fact that the "stellar" pregnancy of "Sirius" is 280 days. The reincarnation of the Pharaoh lasts 280 days, according to legend, 280 days is the pregnancy of a person.

90 days The time of sunset and then the rising of a star in the EAST

12 days (The star passes the meridian line immediately after sunset. The star, as it were, does its work (like a soul) gave birth to the Pharaoh

70 days (Star is in DUAT). Sirius invisible (death) embalming lasted 70 days.

- In modern chronology, there were 31 dynasties of pharaohs in total from 3100 BC. and until 332 BC. In total, the rule of 390 monarchs. After that, Egypt was ruled from 332 BC. and up to the present time another 49 dynasties, which included:

Macedonian Greeks (Ptolemaic period 332-30 BC)

Romans (Roman emperors 30 BC - 641 AD)

Arabs (642 AD - Present).

As you can see: Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, The Arabs keep in their roots the history of secret knowledge about the Pyramids, about the Civilizations of the past, about the Mysteries.

- The Egyptians had a "ROMBOID" - the egg of the world was in the form of an "OCTAHEDRA" (two pyramids docked at the bases): which in Christianity gradually turned into just an egg for Easter, although the paintings on it are still pyramidal in nature.

- Golgotha, where Christ was crucified, resembled a Pyramid in shape.

- Until now, on Easter, symbolic Pyramids are made of cheese.

- The perspective of the picture, the TV screen and the eye that perceives them, isn't this a pyramid?

- When drawing in a two-dimensional three-dimensional space, a Pyramid is drawn “as if” deep into, where the top is the horizon line.

“If we assume that the rays of energy, falling on the inner faces of the Pyramid, will be reflected in them, then we will get some kind of accumulation of internal energy, similar to the concentration of energy in a laser.

- If you take the image of a pyramid from ancient manuscripts, then it is depicted by the letter L - delta, as it is similar to the first letter A in all the alphabets of the world.

- The symbol of the delta, HA - in the YOGA of the ancient Hindus, symbolizes the masculine principle, a conductor of positive energy, symbolizes the Moon.

- Two triangles (deltas with the top up and deltas with the top down) superimposed on each other symbolize HATHA (sign of Vishnu) harmony, balance.

Star of Solomon, Solomon's Seal, Sri Antra Brahmins, six directions of space, a symbol of the fusion of pure spirit and matter. Are these symbols echoes of secret prehistoric knowledge, past civilizations of the Neolithic era, matriarchy and patriarchy.


- The very first and main pose of yogis, the “LOTOS” pose, resembles, first of all, the Pyramid.

- From the pyramid you can add five PLATONIC BODIES.

- Perspective and everything that we perceive visually is based on the principles of pyramidality.

- If you dock the tops of the pyramids, you get a symbolic “Clock of Time”, which after some time has to be turned over and in a new way time starts its run, well, isn’t it allegorical in relation to the repetition of everything and everything in the world, at certain intervals of time?

- The eye arranged in a pyramid is an echo of the symbolism of the God of the Sun-Ra, in Ancient Egypt, in the Christian religion.

- In meditation, there is a symbol of energy concentration, when the fingers are crossed in the form of a triangle-pyramid.

- According to the ideas of the Ancients (according to Blavatsky H.P.), people belong to the fifth race, which is like the top of the four previous races - the foundations:

1 race - Giants (from another star of Sirius or the planet Mars).

2 race - A mixture with earthly creatures.

3 race - Hermaphrodites are bisexual.

4 race - Atlantis (inhabitants of Atlantis)

5th race - our humanity.

6 race - i.e. the top of the pyramid, it will supposedly be radically opposite to the Human race - it will be technotronic, where biorobots will be in the foreground, with their own new criteria.

7th race - i.e. a pyramidal crystal consisting of two pyramids docked at the bases is the most important symbol explaining the entire principle of the Universe. This is the final phase of Civilizations, after it everything must start over, i.e. first turning into NOTHING, and then from NOTHING and will appear.

- According to the ancient Mysteries - repositories of ancient knowledge, the motto of the ancient sages - Adepts, occultists is: "As from above, then from below." The ancestor of the occultists was HERMES - the Egyptian God, thrice great, who conveyed the secret knowledge to the priests through the art of Magic. The symbol of his teaching was TRANSMEGIST - a crystal resembling an OCTAHEDR (two pyramids docked at the bases).

- The crystal lattice of DIAMOND, the hardest crystal on earth, even in degrees of inclination of the faces is completely similar to the pyramidal crystal of two pyramids.

- During the floods of the Nile, thousands of years ago, the dazzlingly bright Pyramids were reflected in the sky-blue water, and each of them was an image of a double mountain symbolizing: a reflection of the upper world, where the Pyramids directed, in the lower one. And when the Nile changed its course, artificial lakes were created around the Pyramids for a long time, performing the same function of a mirror. If we imagine the truncated top of the Pyramid as an emitter of the information energy accumulated inside, then it is obvious that the Pyramid is similar to a segment concentrating the reflected energy from the "thicket" - a plate - a lake around the Pyramid, focusing it in space. Something like a hyperbolic antenna. Nostradamus wrote that the mirror (just like the Mages) is one of the main Attributes (along with the tripod, also a kind of Pyramid) of Magic, with the help of which he traveled through time and space. Those. it can be assumed that the pyramids were stations for travelers - priests - aliens, in the past, present and future.

- In ancient times, dualism was displayed in all cultures, this is especially noticeable in the pyramidal crystal, where the pyramid with its top up symbolizes good, and down - evil. For all peoples, a tree was considered a symbol of duality - called the "WORLD TREE", remember the Christmas tree for the New Year, doesn't it resemble the Pyramid? Man, animal plant, etc. everything is dual. It's like a worldwide insurance code, a duplication of the same thing. In Biochemistry, this phenomenon is called CHIRALITY (like a reflection in a mirror where left changes to right). Water molecules can be represented as a bipyramid (a pyramidal crystal, where important corner points, the corners of the base of the pyramids, correspond to the atoms of only four elements):

1-H-hydrogen 2-C-carbon 3-O-oxygen 4-Ni-nitrogen

– The Maya depicted double worlds with the help of two stepped Pyramids connected by bases:

Sun-1

(daytime sun)

Sky

home of the gods

EARTH IS THE HOUSE OF THE LIVING (connection line)

Underworld

dwelling of the dead

Sun-2

(night sun)

ancient civilization The Egyptians distinguished between the worlds of the gods and the dead, surrounding the world of the living. And just like Maya, they proved the duality and unity of the worlds with the help of the Sun:

SUN 1

(RA, PTAH, ATUM, ATON, ROR)

Heavenly world of light

EARTH IS THE WORLD OF THE LIVING

Realm of the dead, world of darkness

SUN-2

(OSIRIS, SET, AMON)

- A pile (like a pyramid), made of stone, tsebnya, is capable of producing water from the air, even in the desert, i.e. In contact with stones, the vapor cools, condenses and turns into a liquid. Drops are formed flowing down, giving rise to a water skating rink. Even Herodotus wrote about two Pyramids standing waist-deep in water, which were about 180 m high?

- It is known from crystallography that any crystal tends to energy balance, i.e. any unfinished form of a crystal sooner or later self-repairs. If we consider a pyramid, then the side faces are larger in area than the base, in order to restore symmetry it needs to “grow” down another pyramid, i.e. the form from open should become closed, but this will be a bipyramid (pyramidal crystal0.

- In the cards of a tambourine - a rhombus means WISDOM, respectively: Pike-POWER (arrow-target), WORMS (symbol of love, heart), CROSSBOW (symbol of faith, shamrock, Christianity).

- Pyramids, as later in the church, were not built anywhere. They were located above the deep faults of the earth's crust. It is over these places that they are most often found anomalous zones, UFOs appear, some miraculous phenomena appear. The Great Pyramids are located in the zone of the grandiose East African Rift, which gave rise to the Red and Dead Seas, as well as the Nile River, the largest in the world.

- A pyramid, a large copy of a certain crystal, like any crystal, it has its own closed energy grid, if it is violated, then energy will be released, maybe that's why the crystal of the pyramids was made unfinished (top) and the crystal became an antenna for ejection or absorption of energy. To which the ancients added the energy of human emotions, reason, prayers, which, in the whirlwind flow of Nature and the thoughts of a person, a people, mix and, as it were, create a common unison. Here you have the Magic of the relationship between NATURE and MAN. Pyramids are some kind of psychotronic generators, where the energy of the Pyramid affects a person at the level of consciousness and those biological processes occurring in his body at the cellular level.

- Pyramids are "TIME MACHINES", where time slows down - top up and accelerates - top down. Of natural formations, the largest time machine is the Earth itself. In its northern hemisphere, as in a pyramid with the top up, time slows down, and in the southern hemisphere it speeds up. For this reason, the main part of the continental massifs is concentrated in the northern hemisphere, and depressions filled with water are concentrated in the southern hemisphere.

I think, dear reader, the above facts have interested you, but this is only the beginning of an amazing journey into the WORLD OF PYRAMIDALITY. In subsequent chapters, we will consider the pyramidality of the World and the Universe, the pyramidality of Philosophy and Truth, the pyramidality of Politics and Economics, the pyramidality of Nature and Man, the pyramidality of Will and Success.

But I want to warn in advance, the more you will rise above others in your knowledge and opportunities, the more you will be given away from others, all greatness leads to loneliness, as the chaos of your foundation in thinking, in the show will gradually be concentrated to the top of the supervision of everything and ALL OF YOU, AS A CHESS PLAYER, WILL CARRY OUT YOUR POBENDS, ONE AFTER ANOTHER, THAT IN THE END LEAVES YOU ALONE ON THE CHESSBOARD.

Video archive on the topic of the secret Egyptian pyramids

Selected Egyptian Pyramid Exploration Videos

Pyramid Revelations. Research that changed the world!

The Forbidden Past of Mankind

Detailed study of the pyramid of Cheops

Mystery of the Egyptian pyramids

Secret territories #57: PYRAMIDS. HERITAGE OF THE GODS.

The mystery of the construction of the Egyptian pyramids is revealed! Video on RuTube

Seven Wonders of the World

Forbidden History Topics: The Secrets of the Seven Pyramids (Episode 1)

Mysteries of Ancient Egypt

The power of the Pyramid and its possibilities...

Pyramids. funnel of time

The whole truth about UFOs: The pyramids were built by aliens.

Secrets of the Pyramids, Pyramids America, Egypt, China, Mexico, Russia

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