Under general location ships understand the general layout in the hull, superstructures and wheelhouses of all rooms intended for placement on the ship of the main and auxiliary mechanisms, ship equipment, supplies, transported goods, crew and passengers, as well as all service, amenity, utility and sanitary premises. Their mutual arrangement, layout and equipment depend mainly on the type and purpose of the vessel, its dimensions and the requirements imposed on it. For example, the layout of rooms inside the hull is affected by the division of the hull into watertight compartments, and the layout of rooms in superstructures depends on the location of the engine installation, etc. On ships of the same type and similar in size, their general location and layout may vary depending on the tastes and requirements of customers .. At the same time, in each individual case, the following basic principles are followed.

Location of ship premises(Fig. 179). To orient the location of a particular room on the ship, the following names of decks and interdeck spaces are adopted:

In the hull (from top to bottom): upper deck, second deck, third deck (on multi-deck ships, the last deck is called the lower deck), second bottom;

In superstructures and deckhouses (from bottom to top): deck of the 1st tier of the superstructure (forecastle, poop, middle superstructure), deck of the 2nd tier of the deckhouse, deck of the 3rd tier of the cabin, etc. Sometimes these terms are supplemented with names that characterize the purpose of the decks: promenade deck salons, boat, sports, lower (navigation) bridge, upper (navigation) bridge, etc. The space between the outer skin of the bottom and the second bottom is called bottom space or double bottom. The space between the second bottom and the nearest deck is called hold, other interdeck spaces - tween decks.

The position of the room along the length and width of the vessel is indicated, respectively, by the numbers of the frames that limit the room along the length, and the name of the side on which the room is located (right and left sides - PrB and LB). All rooms on the ship are assigned sequence numbers(on the starboard side - odd, on the port side - even).

On fig. 179; 180 shows the location of the main groups of premises on dry cargo and passenger ships, and in fig. 6.4 scheme of the general layout of the premises on the tanker.

Special premises- cargo holds, premises for processing and storage of catch, etc. - occupy the bulk of the hull volumes on cargo and fishing vessels. The layout of these premises is determined by the requirements for the performance of cargo operations, storage and placement of cargo, acceptance, processing and storage of catch, etc.

The position of all other ship spaces depends on the location of special premises that determine the operational and economic indicators of the vessel.

Service premises distributed throughout the ship, mostly in the hold, at the ends of the ship, in the wheelhouses on the upper deck, in the forecastle rooms, poop, etc., sometimes where it is not allowed to place living quarters, for example, above the fore and after peak and below the waterline . Part of the navigation rooms - steering, navigation, radio room - are located on the bridge; the location of the log and echo sounder - on the second day.

Workshops are usually located in the MCO area.

Crew quarters on cargo ships, as a rule, they are located in the superstructure or under the upper deck of the main hull, but not below the waterline, mostly closer to the middle part of the ship, where the pitching and vibration from the working propellers is less felt. The exception is most types of cargo ships with a purely aft location of the MCO: on them, all the living quarters of the crew are placed in the aft superstructure (on some types of cargo ships, for example, barge carriers with an aft location of the MCO, the residential superstructure is located in the bow). To reduce noise in the cabins located in the area of ​​the MKO mine, the latter is equipped with auxiliary premises (storerooms, switchboards, etc.), which create a kind of noise barrier. Recently, on large-capacity tankers and ships for the transport of bulk cargoes, it has been practiced to completely separate the residential cabin from the MKO mine, the residential cabin is placed separately, in front of the mine, in the form of a structure resembling a point house. On passenger ships, crew cabins are placed forward, aft and below the passenger cabins, and commanders' cabins are located on one of the upper tiers of the superstructure, usually in the wheelhouse area (a tier below).

The captain's cabin is usually located on the starboard side, a tier below the wheelhouse. All cabins of the captain's assistants (navigators) are placed here or below in a tier; the cabins of the senior (chief) mechanic, mechanics and other personnel of the maintenance service of the vessel are located, if possible, closer to the MKO, the cabin of the head of the radio station is closer to the wheelhouse, the cabins of the personnel of the maintenance service (deck crew) are placed on the starboard side, the personnel of the maintenance service (machine command) - on the left.

Passenger accommodation on passenger ships, they are located, if possible, in the middle part of the ship, mainly in superstructures and in the upper tween decks of the main hull. Locating passenger cabins below the bulkhead deck is not recommended, and below the waterline is not allowed. Passenger cabins usually have natural light, but large ships carrying a large number of passengers have cabins without natural light.

Under public spaces withdraw best areas superstructures and decks with good overview. Some public spaces - restaurants, cinema and concert hall, indoor swimming pool, gym, etc. - equip in rooms that do not have natural light.

Premises for consumer services are equipped in the area of ​​​​public premises, but they, as a rule, do not have natural lighting.

Catering premises should be located near the facilities they serve. Thus, a galley, bakery, etc. is located near the team's dining room, saloon or restaurant, usually on the same deck, or below them, with the equipment of a special elevator for serving food. In turn, provisional pantries are located next to or one or two tiers below the galley. When placing provisional storerooms, the convenience of loading provisions onto the ship using ship's facilities must be taken into account.

Sanitary and hygienic premises located in close proximity to living quarters or in the same block with them (for example, toilets in cabins). The bath and laundry block is placed in the aft part of the hull below the upper deck, in an area not used for permanent residence of people.

Medical premises located in the superstructure, usually in the middle part of the vessel, away from the main main corridors and places of accumulation of crew and passengers.

Ship stores and supplies located in the area of ​​​​residential and public premises (storerooms for cleaning equipment, carpets, paths, covers, religious and sports equipment), as well as in the area of ​​​​open decks (storerooms for rescue, diving equipment, etc.).

Stocks of fuel, boiler feed water, oil, and ballast water placed in double bottom compartments and in deep tanks, which are equipped in the MKO area, forepeak, as well as in double boards, if they are available. The forepeak and afterpeak are usually used as ballast tanks. Expendable fuel tanks are located in the MCO area. Stocks of fresh drinking water are stored in loose tanks.

Service premises

Service premises on the vessel - premises in which the crew permanently or temporarily performs work on the operation of the vessel: engine room, navigation bridge, as well as service and utility rooms (lantern, paint, skipper's, carpentry and some others).

Fig 70 Navigation bridge o - half-closed, b - closed

Office space associated with the management of the ship, located mainly on the deck of the navigation bridge.

Navigation bridge (Fig. 70). On it are located the navigation and wheelhouses - the place of control of the vessel and keeping watch by the navigating staff. Modern ships usually have a closed bridge. Its open areas on each side are called wings.

An upper bridge is arranged on the roof of the navigation bridge. This high-lying and completely open bridge provides good visibility over the entire horizon and is used for maneuvering in narrow places, in ice, for navigational and astronomical observations.

The wheelhouse (Fig. 71) is a small enclosed space with a glazed front bulkhead. The wheelhouse is equipped with a steering column, a traveling magnetic compass, gyrocompass repeaters, radar, engine telegraph and other necessary equipment.

Next to the helmsman there is a navigational cabin, equipped with a large table for storing and laying out maps, as well as several cabinets and shelves for storing navigational tools and manuals. On ships with a large closed bridge, the charthouse and wheelhouse are often placed in the same room, separating the charthouse with a curtain.

Quite often now, the wheelhouse has a glassed-in and aft bulkhead to provide a view of the stern.

A variation of the ship's bridge is a bridge located above the upper deck for communication between superstructures or for moving from one side to another. Such bridges are installed on tankers due to the increased flooding of the deck and on fishing vessels, in which the upper deck is occupied by a large number of deck and fishing mechanisms.

Rice. 72. Drawings of the general arrangement: 1- radio room; 2- wheelhouse; 3- navigation cabin; 4- cabin of the fourth navigator; 5- cabin of the third navigator; b, 7 - office and bedroom of the senior assistant; 8- cabin chief of the radio station; 9- radio operator's cabin; 10, 11, 12 - study, bedroom and captain's bathroom; 13- pilot's cabin; 14- insulator; 15- bathroom; 16- dispensary; 17- cabin of the first assistant; 18 - doctor's cabin; 19-cabin electromechanics; 20, 21, 22 - senior mechanic's office, bedroom and shower room; 23- cabin of the second mechanic; 24- office; 25- reserve cabin; 26 - cabin of the fourth mechanic; 27- cabin of the third mechanic; 28- cabin of the second navigator; 29- office of the second navigator; 30- buffet; 31- wardroom; 32- saloon for the team; 33 - team canteen; 34- tiller compartment; 35 - laundry, 36 - tween deck No. 4; 37 cabins for sailors; 38-painting; 39-lantern; 40 skipper; 41 - carpentry; 42 minders cabins; 43-ironing; 44- hold No. 4; 45 - drinking water tank; 46- mechanical workshop; 47-electroshop; 48-tween deck No. 3, 49-tween deck No. 2, 50 - tween deck No. 1; 51-room of electrical appliances; 52-department of refrigeration units; 53 provision storerooms; 54 - lubricating oil tank; 55 - ballast tank; 56 - engine room; 57 - auxiliary boiler baffle; 58- fuel tanks; 59- hold No. 3; 60- hold No. 2; 61- hold No. 1; 62 - propeller shaft tunnel

The radio room, if possible, is located on the navigation bridge deck, which ensures a quick and reliable transmission of all received correspondence to the watch officer.

Service premises. They are most often located in tank superstructures, which allows them to be isolated from other rooms.

In the skipper's pantry, items of ship's equipment (cables, hooks, brackets, blocks, etc.) are stored. In cases where the skipper's room is small, the upper part of the forepeak, separated from the ballast tank by a waterproof platform, is used to store inventory.

Lantern and paint rooms are designed to store lanterns and paints, as well as painting tools and a small supply of fuel for ship lights. These rooms are dangerous in terms of fire and therefore must have access to the open deck.

Metal bulkheads of service premises are made of refractory material. In addition, structurally these rooms must always meet the highest fire safety requirements.

The arrangement and layout of office equipment should ensure maximum serviceability and the possibility of using general ship systems (fire extinguishing, irrigation, etc.).

The service premises also include the tiller compartment, in which the steering gear is located. It is located in the stern.

General layout diagrams (Fig. 72) help to understand in detail the location of the ship's premises.

Admiral hour - lunch break during which seafarers are allowed to sleep.
Tank - the bow of the ship (vessel).
combat post - a place with military weapons and technical equipment.
Warhead - a unit of the ship's crew that performs certain tasks.
combat service - a form of daily operational activity of the forces of the fleet in peacetime.
"Battle Leaf" - a type of handwritten wall leaflet, which contains an information about the successes in the combat and political training of the personnel of the ship (unit).
"Battle Number" - a pocket book in which the duties of a sailor (foreman) are recorded in accordance with all ship schedules.
"Big Gathering" - the formation of the ship's personnel when the flag is raised, during naval parades, at meetings of officials, etc.
brigade - tactical connection of homogeneous ships.
"Bull" - the commander of the combat unit of the ship.
"Govnodavy" - blunt big shoes.
Gaff - an inclined rail, fixed at the top of the mast, used to lift and carry the St. Andrew's flag on the move.
Lip - guardhouse.
Ship division - the lowest tactical formation of homogeneous ships of the third and fourth ranks.
Division of ships - a tactical formation consisting of ships of the first rank or brigades and divisions of ships of lower ranks.
Doc doctor (ship's doctor).
Oak trees - an ornament on the peaks of the caps of senior officers of the fleet.
Zhvaka-gals - attachment point of the end of the anchor chain to the ship's hull. The phrase "poison to the gum-tack" means - to release the anchor chain to the end.
IDA-59 - individual breathing apparatus.
Katorang - Captain 2nd rank.
Galley - kitchen on the ship (vessel).
Kaperang - captain of the 1st rank.
Cook - a cook on a ship (vessel).
Coaming - the protection of doors, hatches, mouths protecting from hit in the internal premise of water.
Stern - the back of the ship (vessel).
"Reds" - in red on the plan of the exercise they indicate the actions of their forces.
Cockpit - accommodation for sailors on the ship (vessel).
Cap - Commander of the ship.
"Linden" - Deliberate deception.
Binnacle - magnetic compass stand.
"Ocean" - an electronic simulator designed to visually display the situation during an operational-tactical game.
Periscope - an optical device for monitoring the surface and air situation from a submerged submarine.
Forecastle - elevation of the hull above the upper deck in the bow of the ship.
PJ - post energy and survivability.
Sliding stop - a device for reinforcing bulkheads or tightly pressing the patch when sealing a hole in the side of the ship.
Locker - a chest (locker) on the ship, where the team's personal belongings are stored.
"Blue" - blue color on the exercise plan indicates the actions of the enemy forces.
Submarine - Submarine.
"Shilo" - alcohol.

Today there will be a story about one unusual and little-known way of traveling. If you are not a marine specialist, not a sailor’s wife, and in general you don’t have any relatives navigating the open spaces, but there is a fixed idea to plunge into the atmosphere of the life of a merchant ship, then I will tell you the following - to make a wish come true, there is a great way to feel the romance of the sea and if you have enough patience and then travel around the world.

Yes, yes, tickets for container ships and other merchant ships in the modern world, greedy for money, are also sold to everyone. Traveling on a merchant ship is called container trip or freight trip. Here we will talk about such an original form of recreation.

Traveling on a merchant ship is a relatively young way to experience the world. The first "cruise" ships appeared in 1959 on the Great Lakes. Over time, this type of travel in countries with decaying capitalism has become a fairly popular way to spend a lot of money and break away from annoying reality. According to statistics in 2010, about 10 million people chose to travel on a merchant ship as their main form of recreation. The indicator, of course, is not so hot, compared with the pilgrimage of compatriots to Turkey. But you can get a hundred times more impressions from traveling on a merchant ship than just warming your beer belly on the beach a la all inclusive.

How everything happens.

Special companies are engaged in organizing this type of recreation and selling tickets for merchant ships. Naturally, you should not contact the captain of the ship you like directly. The captain has many other concerns and does not organize a cruise for passengers. German container operator Hamburg Sud,NSB, Italian Grimaldi Lines or freighter-cruises.com- this is where you need to go if you have a lot of free time, you are an avid extreme traveler and the owner of a few extra thousand euros. Unfortunately, I do not know a single Russian, let alone Ukrainian company that organizes sea ​​tours of such kind. Therefore, I will build on the information on these English-language resources.

The above-mentioned offices will provide all the comprehensive information: Required documents, routes, ships, types of cabins and how much such a trip can cost. Just visit the company's website and ask a question about the time and route you are interested in. The company will select the best solution for you. If you have decided on the time of the cruise on a merchant ship, then take care of booking places in advance. The optimal period is two months. It is worth noting that some companies do not include port charges. And that's a couple of hundred dollars. So please clarify.

Price such a cruise on a merchant ship ranges from 65 to 140 euros per day. At early booking some companies give discounts up to 35%, plus seasonal discounts - winter flights across the North Atlantic are cheaper than in summer. Why is quite obvious :)

A pleasant surprise for students. As always, they are given fabulous opportunities. Some companies provide tours on the inland rivers of Europe on small bulk carriers. By the way, they are allowed to earn extra money.

Routes.
Most diverse: Mediterranean, Europe, America, South Africa, round trip or circumnavigation. Flights are carried out all over the world to countries with a developed container turnover. Therefore, it is practically impossible to get to Chukotka, for example. It all depends on the thickness of the purse of a lover of sea adventures. In truth, if you look at the proposed routes and prices, it becomes quite obvious that travel will not come cheap. But nevertheless, if there is a supply, then there is a demand, and the average ten million tourists cannot be wrong.

When booking, you must specify the type of vessel and its parking in intermediate ports. Container ships are quite nimble ships and are unloaded and loaded in less than a day. Each shipping company has its own agent at the ports of call, who will be happy to meet you and help you plunge into the local culture: organize transport and excursions. Ask in advance. Many companies offer a stopover, which is very convenient - after resting for a few days, for example, in Cape Town, you can continue your unforgettable voyage on the next ship.

Here are some typical routes on merchant ships. For example, Grimaldi flights to mediterranean sea: 10 countries in 28 days at a price of 1700 euros. The route - Antwerp, Gebze, Istanbul, Gemlik, Felixstowe, Antwerp for 21 days on board a huge container ship will cost around 1900 euros.

But a round-the-world trip is much more expensive. Antwerp - Hamburg - Genoa - Suez Canal - Jakarta - Singapore - Vietnam - Shanghai, Dalian, Hong Kong, Qingdao - Masan - Yokohama - Panama - USA (Houston, New Orleans, Philadelphia) - Antwerp. Duration 3 months for a modest $ 10,000.

If you have a great desire to see polar bears not only in the zoo, but also with your own eyes, then you can buy a ticket on an icebreaker and go to the North Pole to freeze your ass. But the prices for such a cruise are simply exorbitant. Although who is not afraid of financial costs, visit northpolevoyages.com.

Documentation.
A compatriot who decides to go on this kind of trip needs to worry about visas in advance. If boarding a ship in Hamburg, then you need a Schengen visa and so on along the chosen route. No visa - you will sit on the ship and, out of boredom, communicate with the watchman at the gangway. The company provides insurance in case of emergency evacuation of a passenger, for health reasons, injury and similar troubles.

There are age restrictions. Travel is possible for passengers from 8 to 79 years old. If the ship plans to cross hot countries, then a yellow fever vaccination will be required. Due to the total reduction in crews on modern ships, there are unfortunately no doctors and pretty young nurses in white coats over their naked bodies. The duties of the ship's first aid kit, nurse, therapist, dentist, surgeon and, in especially advanced cases, the pathologist are assigned to a couple of strong shoulders of one of the ship's officers. Therefore, it is necessary to be friends with him and be sure to provide a freshly passed medical examination upon arrival on the ship, and also to clarify what are the contraindications for nutrition, allergies, do you pee at night, do you hear from time to time "voices" insistently demanding to plunge into the endless depths of the sea and other hemorrhoids. On the ship they should know what surprises the passenger brethren will bring with them.

In addition, upon arrival on the ship, you will receive a comprehensive briefing on where the life jacket is located, where to run and what to do in case of a pirate attack, fire or a sudden interruption of the cruise in the form of a hole below the waterline.

Meals for passengers according to the schedule, as for the crew. Luggage is not limited, but no more than the size of your cabin. You can bring a car with you, but it is registered as cargo. If you book a cruise in advance - you will travel on the same ship, if late - the guarantee is very large that on different ones.

Any cats, dogs, trained cockroaches, prodigy hamsters and other birds are categorically not welcome on the ship.

Many long distance flights cross several climate zones, so clothes- from bikinis to warm jackets. Feel the beauty of transatlantic travel - the ship's clock change every day for a week. When you get home, you will tell those who moan twice a year because of the change of clocks, how you steadfastly battled the space-time continuum while crossing the date line.

What to do.

On the ship, everything is rather boring and monotonous. There are no casinos, no girls on the ship, and sex with the crew is prohibited for humanitarian reasons. All agencies recommend taking maps, books in your native language and a bunch of DVDs with films or tutorials. A consoling plus is that modern merchant ships, for the most part, have a sauna, a swimming pool, a gym, and if you're very lucky, even wireless Internet. All these nuances are indicated in the route description on the company's website. In addition, communication with an international crew and other retired fellow travelers will help expand the horizons of the worldview to a truly universal scale.

A tangible plus in the ship's pastime is the opportunity to buy from the captain the products of the alcoholic beverage industry at duty-free prices in order to brighten up the tiring evenings of the transition between ports.

Living conditions. You are provided with a cabin. It can be single or double. In many companies, their cost is almost the same. Some companies sell space, some sell cabins. That is, a double will cost you half if someone else settles in it. All cabins have a shower, bathroom, TV, refrigerator, office and bedroom - like a good hotel room. Don't forget a good travel companion. Cabin options:

When booking, specify whether the windows of your cabin will be blocked by containers, otherwise, instead of the sea-ocean, you will have an industrial landscape that can greatly spoil your mood. Roughly like this:

Cabins are cleaned by a steward. If you give him a couple of money, then he will approach his duties more carefully and quickly, and also bring beer on demand.

To me, as a person closely connected with the sea, travels of this kind seem a little dull, because I have seen enough of such beauties to the very cloth. It is another matter for a simple layman far from marine life to spend several unforgettable weeks plowing the seas-oceans, cross the equator, feel the elements of the sea, see countries and continents will be very informative. This trip will be a one-of-a-kind unique opportunity for connoisseurs of outdoor activities to plunge into ship life, as well as get a total recovery of the whole organism, enjoying the sea air.

§ 18. Location of ship's premises

The location and dimensions of the ship's premises are regulated by various requirements of observing organizations, the implementation of which is mandatory during the construction of civil ships. According to these rules, each member of the crew must be provided with reasonable comfort, facilities for individual recreation. So, the command staff on domestic ships should be accommodated in single cabins, and the premises of the senior officers should include a study and individual sanitary facilities with a bath or shower. For ordinary members of the crew, the cabins should be no more than doubles, subject to the mandatory observance of the limited rules for cubic capacity (at least 4.0 m³), ​​area (within 1.8-4.2 m²), equipment, lighting, heating and ventilation per person . The clear height of the living quarters (the distance from the lower edge of the ceiling lining to the upper edge of the deck) should be at least 2.0 m, and on small craft - 1.85 m. Cabins are usually provided in superstructures, in amidships. Cabins are not allowed in the bow of the ship.

Team quarters must be located on the shortest path to the service quarters, passing through closed passageways if possible. Doors from the living quarters should lead to closed corridors, which, when exiting to the open deck, have two doors. The rooms of the corridors bounded by these doors are called vestibules.

Passages through the decks must have either hatch covers or special vestibules that hermetically separate the decks. In addition to the main exit from any room on the ship, an emergency exit should be provided that provides access to the open deck.

On ships, where there are significantly more personnel than on civilian ships, sailors are placed on the principle of homogeneity of their service, in multi-seat rooms called cockpits.

According to the requirements of fire protection, any ship must have adequate structural fire protection; in addition to dividing the hull by watertight bulkheads into compartments to ensure floodability, the ship must also be divided into fire zones by strong, impervious bulkheads with fire-resistant insulation and with automatically closing passages through them. With such a division of the ship's premises, in the event of a fire, the fire will not be able to spread throughout the ship, people, without panic, can be evacuated to a safe area as soon as possible and the fire will be quickly eliminated by concentrated efforts using all means of the ship's fire defense, up to the use of chemical means extinguishing a fire (which, if there are unauthorized people in the fire area, is prohibited to use).

The main premises that ensure the purpose of the transport vessel are cargo holds and tween decks. Loading of cargo into them is carried out through cargo hatches in decks, fenced with coamings, overlapping with special covers or shields - hatches. Liquid cargo is loaded into tankers through a cargo pipeline.

For passenger ships, the main premises are passenger cabins, which are located in the spaces between decks and in superstructures. These cabins are equipped with berths, sanitary and other facilities in accordance with the class. The upper class includes deluxe cabins, consisting of a living room, an office, a bedroom and a separate bathroom. Passenger premises, in addition to cabins, should also include halls serving passengers, stairs, halls, salons (concert, dance, smoking, etc.), libraries, kiosks (postal, souvenir, etc.), restaurants, buffets, bars, sports decks, swimming pools, promenade decks, etc.

Restaurant premises, which are one of the most ceremonial on ships, are usually finished with special attention so that they create a good aesthetic impression for visitors, a sense of comfort and peace. The decoration of the premises on Soviet ships differs in many respects from the decoration of premises on foreign ships, for example, the absence of excessive decoration and weighting forms.

All other ship spaces are typical and are grouped into the following groups:

control posts- rooms in which the main navigational instruments and equipment for ship control, ship radio installations, fire extinguishing stations, etc. are located. These rooms include: steering, navigational, radio room, gyrocompass room, etc.;

Living spaces: cabins for the crew and personnel serving him or passengers, cabins for medical care (outpatient clinic, infirmary, isolation room for patients, pharmacy), corridors, vestibules and vestibules adjacent to these premises;

public spaces- saloons, wardrooms, dining rooms, red corners, libraries, cinema halls, etc.;

sanitary facilities- toilets, latrines, washrooms, showers, bathtubs, baths, laundries, indoor pools, etc.;

service premises, consisting of utility rooms, which are usually provided on ships separate for the crew and passengers: procurement, galleys, bakeries, pantry, dishwasher, pantries (wet and dry provisions), refrigerators (pantries for perishable products), as well as dryers, ironing, sewing workshops, post offices, etc.;

pantries: lantern, painting, skipper, etc.;

engine rooms- engine and boiler rooms, in which the main power plants are located, rooms for auxiliary mechanisms - power plants, electric current converters, storage rooms, rooms for auxiliary boilers, pumps, compressors, degaussing stations, etc.;

cargo spaces for transportation on passenger ships: luggage of passengers, personal vehicles, urgent postal cargo, and on cargo ships - general, bulk or liquid cargo. These spaces, according to the nature of the cargo, are: tweendecks, holds and tanks.

Instead of lining the holds from the inside, on the sides of the holds are installed fish- wooden beams - usually with a section of 50 X X200 mm, located horizontally at a distance of 250 mm from each other on nested laths attached to the frames. Rybins are also used as mortgage boards in longitudinal dividing bulkheads installed in the holds for the period of transportation of bulk cargoes in them to prevent the cargo from moving when the vessel is rolling.

Such partition walls are called shifting boards. Shifting board designs consist of vertical posts, box-shaped profiles in which boards are laid (or fish are used). With a long length of holds, removable pillars of the same profile as the main racks are additionally installed.

All autonomous navigation ships should be provided with biological protection of vital ship premises, which include: service and utility rooms with provision storerooms and drinking water tanks, medical and sanitary rooms and special rooms equipped for anti-chemical treatment of people. This protection consists in the creation of pressurized rooms to prevent the entry of outside contaminated air when the ship passes through the zone of radioactive contamination. These rooms should be supplied with air through special ventilation with air filters that purify contaminated outside air or operate in a closed cycle with regeneration (recovery) of the proper air composition.

The characteristic general arrangement of the ship's premises is shown in the drawing of the general arrangement of the vessel (Fig. 36).

Rice. 36. Arrangement of architectural elements on a dry cargo vessel. 1 - stem; 2 - forepeak; 3 - chain box; 4 - ram (fore peak) bulkhead; 5 - holds; 6 - bottom; 7 - raised the second bottom; 8 - double bottom tanks; 9 - transverse bulkheads; 10 - rubber dams; 11 - manhole necks; 12 - foundation for the boiler; 13 - main steam boiler; 14 - platforms; 15-main ship power point; 16-main turbo-gear unit, 17 - thrust bearing and stumps; 18 - clinket door; 19 - propeller shaft tunnel; 20 - propeller shaft line a; 21 - recession; and - ah-terpic bulkhead; 23 - stern tube; 24 - afterpeak; 25-sternpost; 26 - ice spur; 27 - helmport pipe; 28 - yut; 29 - flag-rod; 30 - railing; 31 - tween decks; 32 - hatches (covers) of cargo hatches; 33 - lower (second) deck; 34 - coamings of cargo hatches; 35 - halyards; 36 - hafel; 37 - guys; 38 - main mast; 39 - bulwark; 40 - gunwale; 41 - upper deck; 42 - outdoor ladders; 43 - light hatch; 44 - mine light hatch; 45 - casing of the chimney; 46 - boat deck; 47 - superstructure deck; 48 - upper bridge; 49 - binnacle magnetic compass; 50 - navigation bridge; 51 - wheelhouse; 52 - captain's cabin; 53 - middle superstructure; 54 - chimney; 55 - stay-karnak; 56 - klotik; 57 _ foremast; 58 - fore-stay; 59 - visor; 60 - skipper's pantry; 61 - tank.

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